For our projects, Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) is an engineered LPG-air fuel mixture produced by vaporizing Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and blending it with controlled quantities of air.

It is designed to provide suitable combustion characteristics for distribution through a dedicated gas network.

Conventional natural gas is primarily methane supplied through established transmission and distribution networks.

The Company's SNG is produced locally through an LPG-air mixing system and supplied through dedicated project infrastructure.

This allows suitable developments to establish a gas supply solution without depending on an initial connection to the conventional natural-gas network.

With LPG cylinders, fuel is normally stored and replaced individually at consumer premises.

With an SNG grid, LPG is stored at a centralized facility, vaporized, blended with air and distributed through pipelines to individual consumers.

This allows consumers to receive gas through a metered pipeline connection instead of routinely handling LPG cylinders.

SNG can be engineered to provide suitable combustion characteristics for compatible appliances. Compatibility depends on factors including:

• Wobbe Index
• Calorific value
• Gas density
• Operating pressure
• Appliance specifications

Compatibility is verified during engineering and commissioning.

A typical LPG-air-mix SNG system operates through the following process:

1. LPG is received and stored at a centralized facility.
2. LPG is supplied to the vaporization system.
3. Liquid LPG is converted into vapour.
4. Controlled air is introduced through the mixing system.
5. LPG vapour and air are blended to achieve the required gas characteristics.
6. The resulting SNG is pressure-regulated and supplied to the distribution network.

Yes.

SNG infrastructure can be developed for housing societies, residential communities, mixed-use developments and other suitable projects, subject to technical feasibility, commercial viability and applicable approvals.

Systems can also be developed in phases as project occupancy and demand increase.

Plant capacity is determined after evaluating factors such as:

• Number of consumers
• Consumer categories
• Estimated gas demand
• Peak-hour consumption
• Project occupancy
• Development phases
• Future expansion
• LPG storage requirements
• Distribution-network length
• Required operating pressure

A project feasibility assessment is normally completed before final system sizing.

Consumption is measured through the project's approved metering system.

The applicable billing methodology, tariff structure and payment mechanism are established through the relevant project and consumer agreements and applicable regulatory requirements.

Applicable licences and approvals depend on the project's location, plant configuration, LPG storage arrangement, capacity and scope.

Projects may require coordination with relevant authorities including OGRA, NEPSA, environmental authorities and other competent agencies, where applicable.

Regulatory requirements are assessed individually for each project.

SNG infrastructure can be safely operated when it is properly engineered, installed, commissioned, maintained and operated in accordance with applicable safety requirements.

Depending on the project, safety provisions may include:

• Gas and fire detection
• Emergency Shutdown Systems
• Pressure-relief systems
• Fire-protection systems
• Safety separation distances
• Automated alarms
• Electrical safety controls
• Inspection and maintenance procedures
• Emergency-response procedures

No.

LPG-air-mix SNG is a fossil-based gaseous fuel and should not be represented as renewable energy.

Its technical, commercial and environmental suitability should be assessed against the alternative energy options available to a particular project.

Depending on project scope, Synthetic Natural Gas (Private) Limited ("the Company") may provide:

• Preliminary project assessment
• Site survey
• Gas-demand assessment
• Technical and commercial feasibility
• Engineering and system design
• SNG plant development
• Distribution-network development
• Metering infrastructure
• Testing and commissioning
• Operations and maintenance
• Fuel and logistics coordination
• Consumer-management systems
• Billing support
• Technical and regulatory coordination

A properly designed SNG grid can provide:

• Dedicated project gas infrastructure
• Centralized LPG storage
• Pipeline distribution
• Metered consumption
• Reduced reliance on individual LPG cylinders
• Phased capacity expansion
• Centralized safety controls
• Integrated operations
• Consumer metering and billing
• Greater flexibility where conventional natural-gas infrastructure is unavailable

Every project is evaluated individually to determine its technical and commercial feasibility.

Synthetic Natural Gas (Private) Limited ("the Company") develops integrated SNG infrastructure and supply solutions for residential, commercial, mixed-use and industrial projects.

Depending on project requirements, the Company supports projects from feasibility and engineering through infrastructure development, commissioning, operations, maintenance, metering and consumer-management systems.

No.

Synthetic Natural Gas (Private) Limited is the legal name of the Company.

SNG refers to the product, Synthetic Natural Gas.

RLNG is Regasified Liquefied Natural Gas. LNG is converted from liquid back into gas and generally supplied through suitable gas transmission or distribution infrastructure.

The Company's SNG is produced through an LPG-air mixing system and can be supplied through dedicated project-specific infrastructure.

The Wobbe Index is an engineering measure used to compare the combustion characteristics of fuel gases.

It helps determine whether different gases can provide comparable heat input through compatible burners or appliances.

Gross Calorific Value represents the total heat energy released when a specified quantity of gas is completely combusted.

GCV is an important gas-quality parameter, although appliance compatibility should not be determined by GCV alone.

Depending on project design, an SNG plant may include:

• LPG bulk storage vessels
• LPG unloading and transfer systems
• Pumps, valves and piping
• Vaporizers
• Air compressors
• Air treatment equipment
• LPG-air mixing skid
• Pressure-regulation systems
• Flow measurement
• Instrumentation
• PLC/HMI controls
• SCADA systems
• Gas and fire detection
• Emergency Shutdown Systems
• Fire-protection equipment
• Metering and distribution-network interfaces

Final equipment selection depends on project capacity and engineering requirements.

SCADA, or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, is a system used for monitoring and controlling plant and network operations.

Depending on the installation, SCADA can monitor information including:

• Pressure
• Flow
• Tank level
• Equipment status
• Gas alarms
• Fire alarms
• Emergency shutdown status
• System faults

Not necessarily.

The level of automation, remote monitoring and SCADA integration depends on project size, operating requirements and the approved technical design.

LoRaWAN is a low-power, long-range wireless communication technology.

Where appropriate, it may be used for remote meter readings, alarms and operational data transmission.

It is one available communication technology and is not required for every project.

Yes. Systems can be designed to accommodate future:

• LPG storage
• Vaporization capacity
• Distribution-network extensions
• Additional consumers
• Commercial loads
• Industrial loads

Expansion remains subject to technical feasibility and applicable approvals.

Not necessarily.

SNG has a different supply and infrastructure cost structure.

• LPG procurement
• Transportation and logistics
• Plant operations
• Infrastructure costs
• Maintenance
• Metering
• Billing
• Applicable taxes
• Regulatory charges
• Other agreed project costs

The applicable pricing structure is communicated through the relevant project and consumer documentation.

Yes.

Because LPG is a traded fuel, changes in LPG procurement, transportation and other operating costs may affect the cost of supplying SNG.

Any price-adjustment mechanism is governed by the applicable agreement and regulatory requirements.

A Demand Notice is a formal commercial document issued for a project or connection specifying applicable infrastructure, connection, metering or other approved project costs.

The amount, payment schedule and scope depend on the applicable project and commercial arrangement.

The infrastructure funding and cost-recovery model is determined project by project.

Depending on the agreed structure, costs may be paid or recovered through arrangements involving:

• The developer
• Project owner
• Consumers
• Infrastructure contributions
• Connection charges
• Other approved commercial mechanisms

The applicable structure is defined in the Company's commercial proposal, Demand Notice and project agreements.

Yes. SNG solutions may be developed for:

• Residential consumers
• Commercial developments
• Restaurants and hospitality facilities
• Mixed-use developments
• Industrial users
• Other technically suitable consumers

Commercial and industrial applications require specific technical assessment based on demand, pressure and operating requirements.

A typical project may progress through the following stages:

The exact sequence may vary according to project requirements.

Yes, subject to feasibility.

The system can be planned according to development phases and projected consumer growth.

This allows plant and network capacity to be aligned with actual project demand.

Depending on the agreement, the developer may be required to provide or facilitate:

• Suitable land for the plant
• Site access
• Utility corridors
• Rights-of-way
• Project layouts
• Consumer and occupancy information
• Utility coordination
• Required documentation
• Construction access
• Agreed infrastructure payments

The exact obligations are defined in the relevant project agreements.

The technical and commercial implications would need to be evaluated at that time.

Existing SNG infrastructure should not automatically be assumed to be directly interchangeable with conventional natural gas without an engineering assessment, regulatory review and consideration of the applicable contractual arrangements.

No.

The applicable requirements depend on the type of facility and regulatory category, not simply whether storage is above or below 50 metric tons.

Each LPG-air-mix project should therefore be assessed individually under the applicable licensing and safety framework.

Yes.

Regulated LPG equipment must comply with applicable technical, manufacturing, inspection and certification requirements.

Depending on the equipment and project, recognized standards may include requirements relating to:

• LPG storage and handling
• Pressure vessels
• Piping systems
• Fire protection
• Pressure regulation
• Electrical safety
• Gas detection
• Emergency shutdown
• Testing and inspection

NFPA 58 is a widely recognized code relating to LPG storage, handling, transportation and use.

ASME publishes engineering codes and standards used for pressure vessels and other pressure equipment.

The applicable standards and editions depend on the project, equipment and regulatory requirements.